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The
province of Isfahan lies to the southeast of the
central province, almost in the heart of Iran. This
city, once the capital of Iran, is now only the
administrative headquarters of the province. It lies
about halfway between Tehran and Shiraz. Choosing
Isfahan as his capital, Shah Abbas the Great made it a
large and important city. In the 17th century it was
given the title of Isfahan is half of the world. Today
it has an estimated population of one million people.
Of
all the cities in Iran, Isfahan is perhaps the richest
in historical and architectural wealth. In 640 AD it
was conquered by the Muslims. During the Islamic era,
it has endured battles and dreadful setbacks and it
has seen prosperous times. Once, a conqueror called
Timur of Mongol is said to have slain about 200.000 of
its citizens because they resisted his warriors.
The
Safavid Dynasty ushered in Isfahan's golden age in the
later part of the 17th century. Under the new rulers
and especially during the reign of Shah Abbas the
Great, Isfahan again revealed in its glory. It's
reputation soon spread throughout the civilized world.
The Safavid Kings ruled nearly 150 years and this city
was their capital. Schools, mosques, and magnificent
buildings were built, while science, architecture,
handicrafts, decorative arts, calligraphy and
miniature paintings flourished. Fortunately, most of
Isfahan's former glory is survives or is being
restored. New parks, roads, colleges and factories
(including a massive steel mill) have also been built
in recent years.
Chehel
Sotun or Forty Pillars was built by Shah Abbas II as a
hall of audience for official functions. It contains a
garden covering an area of 26 acres. Today, the
building stands among ancient trees in a large portion
of the original garden. The immense verandah of the
palace sits by a huge pool which reflects the numerous
columns. The upper part of the large audience hall is
covered with paintings showing such scenes as Shah
Abbas feasting and Shah Ismail and Shah Tahmasp
entertaining Homayoun the King of India. On the walls
of the other rooms there are miniatures, portraits and
works of eminent master artists of the period.
Imam
Mosque was also built in the reign of Shah Abbas. The
tiles and architecture of this mosque are amazingly
superb. Its minarets are 48 meters high. On the
eastern side stands the low domed Masjid-e-Sheikh
Lotfollah.
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This mosque was dedicated to the saintly uncle of Shah
Abbas and was used as the King's private worship place
during his life.
The
Madrasseh Chahar-bagh, a theological school was
constructed by Scholar's chambers society and it is
the pride of the last Safavid King, a devoted Muslim
ruler. He owned part of the north side of this
building.
Ali
Qapoo Palace is situated to the west of Naqsh-e-Jahan
Square. This building belongs to the Safavid period.
It was used for the reception of the ambassadors and
envoys from other countries. Ali Qapoo is a six story
building with numerous rooms. The plasterwork and
paintings are extremely impressive.
Hasht
Behesht Palace Is a palace built the the 16th century
during the reign of the Shah Soleiman II. It is
located near the Chahar Bagh Avenue and opposite the
present Sheikh Bahai Avenue. Painted ceilings, tile
works and murals make this Palace worth the visit.
The
Pol Khaju bridge was built by the order of Shah Abbas
II at the entrance of the Esfahan-Shiraz road. Its
storied recesses, galleries and arcades, the splendid
tile-work, the arches of the upper booths and lower
spans, and particularly the alcoves located in the
center are the important features of this bridge.
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